Foreign investment in oil and mining can empower the citizens of resource-rich countries. Or it can enrich corrupt officials and armed groups.

All deals for public resources must be publicly beneficial and publicly accountable. What are the risks that taxes and royalties will be spent instead to buy private jets or crack down on protests?

The 2023 Clean Trade Investment Index rates all resource-dependent countries. The Index shows the risk that the benefits of an investment will be outweighed by its funding corrupt or coercive actors—that is, the risk that the investment will drive the resource curse.

The Index uses data from the independent rating agency Freedom House. Click on the links below for more information about the specific risks in each country.

Extreme Risk: Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Iran, Libya, Myanmar, Republic of Congo, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Yemen.

High Risk: Angola, Brunei, Gabon, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Mali, Oman, Qatar, Zimbabwe.

Moderate Risk: Algeria, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kuwait, Mauritania, Mozambique, Nigeria, Togo.

Some Risk: Ecuador, Indonesia, Liberia, Mexico, Niger, Papua New Guinea, Sierra Leone, Zambia.

Low Risk: all remaining countries.

Clean Trade investment strategy guides more than a billion dollars of investment.

Please contact us if you would like to discuss Clean Trade investment strategy for your firm.